What is a PSA test?

A PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland. It is commonly used to evaluate prostate health and may help detect conditions such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, or prostate cancer. A PSA test alone cannot diagnose prostate cancer and should always be interpreted by a qualified urologist.

A Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test is one of the most commonly performed investigations for men with urinary symptoms or concerns about prostate health.

PSA is a protein naturally produced by the prostate gland. A small amount normally enters the bloodstream, but PSA levels may increase due to various prostate conditions.

Why is a PSA test performed?

Your urologist may recommend a PSA test if you have:

• Frequent urination.
• Weak urine stream.
• Difficulty passing urine.
• Blood in the urine.
• A family history of prostate cancer.
• An enlarged prostate (BPH).
• Abnormal findings during a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE).

It may also be recommended as part of prostate health evaluation in men above a certain age, depending on their individual risk factors.

Does a high PSA always mean prostate cancer?

No. An elevated PSA level does not automatically indicate prostate cancer.

PSA levels may also increase due to:

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
• Prostatitis (inflammation or infection of the prostate)
• Recent urinary procedures
• Urinary tract infections
• Certain temporary conditions affecting the prostate

This is why a PSA test should always be interpreted together with your symptoms, physical examination, and other investigations.

Is the PSA test painful?

No. A PSA test is a simple blood test. A small blood sample is collected from a vein in your arm, and the procedure usually takes only a few minutes.

What happens if my PSA is high?

If your PSA level is higher than expected, your urologist may recommend additional evaluation, which may include:

• Repeat PSA testing.
• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE).
• Ultrasound or MRI (if required).
• Additional blood tests.
• Prostate biopsy only when clinically indicated.

Further investigations depend on your age, symptoms, PSA level, and overall clinical findings.

SCI International Hospital / Dr. Gautam Banga

At SCI International Hospital, New Delhi, Dr. Gautam Banga, Senior Consultant Urologist and Andrologist, uses PSA testing as part of a comprehensive prostate evaluation. Rather than relying on a single test, he carefully interprets PSA levels along with the patient's symptoms, physical examination, and imaging studies to accurately diagnose prostate conditions and recommend the most appropriate treatment.