What Is Varicocele?

Varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. It commonly develops on the left side and may cause a dull ache, heaviness, or swelling around the testicle. In some men, varicocele can affect sperm production and fertility, while others may have no symptoms.

A varicocele occurs when the veins that drain blood from the testicle become enlarged. It develops when blood does not flow efficiently through these veins.

Many men with varicocele do not experience noticeable symptoms, and the condition may only be discovered during a physical examination or fertility evaluation.

What are the symptoms of varicocele?

Possible symptoms include:

• Dull or aching pain in the scrotum.
• A feeling of heaviness in the testicle.
• Swelling or enlarged veins in the scrotum.
• Symptoms that become more noticeable after standing or physical activity.
• A difference in testicular size in some cases.
• Difficulty conceiving due to abnormal sperm parameters.

Some men have no symptoms at all.

Can varicocele affect male fertility?

Yes, in some men. Varicocele may affect the testicular environment and can be associated with abnormalities in sperm production or sperm quality.

It does not mean that every man with varicocele will be infertile. The decision to treat depends on the patient's symptoms, fertility status, physical findings, semen analysis, and other clinical factors.

How is varicocele diagnosed?

A urologist may diagnose varicocele through:

• Physical examination.
• Assessment while standing and sometimes with straining.
• Scrotal ultrasound when required.
• Semen analysis when fertility is a concern.

Does every varicocele require treatment?

No. Small or asymptomatic varicoceles may not require treatment.

Treatment may be considered when there are appropriate clinical indications, such as persistent symptoms, testicular changes, or fertility concerns associated with a clinically significant varicocele.

SCI International Hospital

At SCI International Hospital, New Delhi, Dr. Gautam Banga, Senior Consultant Urologist and Andrologist, evaluates and treats men with varicocele, male infertility, abnormal sperm parameters, and associated testicular concerns. Treatment is recommended based on the individual's symptoms, examination findings, fertility goals, and overall clinical assessment.