What are the symptoms of varicocele?

Many men with varicocele have no noticeable symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include a dull or aching pain in the scrotum, a feeling of heaviness, enlarged or twisted veins, scrotal swelling, or differences in testicular size. Varicocele may also be discovered during an evaluation for male infertility.

Varicocele can develop gradually and may remain unnoticed for years. Some men only discover the condition during a routine examination or while being evaluated for difficulty conceiving.

Common symptoms of varicocele

Possible signs include:

• Dull or aching scrotal pain.
• A feeling of heaviness or dragging in the scrotum.
• Enlarged or prominent veins around the testicle.
• Scrotal swelling.
• Discomfort that becomes more noticeable after standing for a long time or physical activity.
• Symptoms that improve when lying down.
• A difference in testicular size in some men.

What does a varicocele feel like?

A larger varicocele may feel like a group of enlarged or twisted veins within the scrotum.

Some patients describe it as feeling similar to a "bag of worms."

However, not every varicocele can be felt easily, particularly when it is small.

Can varicocele cause testicular pain?

Yes. Varicocele can cause a dull, aching discomfort or heaviness in the affected testicle or scrotum.

The pain may become more noticeable after prolonged standing, physical activity, or later in the day.

However, not every case of testicular pain is caused by varicocele, so persistent or unexplained pain should be evaluated by a urologist.

Can varicocele affect testicle size?

In some men, particularly adolescents, varicocele may be associated with differences in testicular growth or size.

A doctor may compare the size of both testicles during examination and recommend further evaluation when necessary.

Can varicocele cause infertility without symptoms?

Yes. A man may have no pain or visible scrotal changes but still have a varicocele associated with abnormal sperm parameters.

This is why varicocele may sometimes be discovered during an evaluation for low sperm count or male infertility.

When should I see a urologist?

Consider a urological evaluation if you notice:

• Persistent scrotal pain.
• New swelling or enlarged veins.
• A change in testicular size.
• A lump or unusual change in the testicle.
• Difficulty conceiving.
• A newly developed or unusual varicocele.

SCI International Hospital 

At SCI International Hospital, New Delhi, Dr. Gautam Banga, Senior Consultant Urologist and Andrologist, evaluates patients with varicocele, scrotal pain, testicular changes, and male fertility concerns. A clinical examination and appropriate investigations can help determine whether varicocele is present and whether treatment may be required.