What tests are done for male infertility?

Male infertility testing may include a semen analysis, physical examination, hormone tests, and additional investigations based on the patient's symptoms and initial results. Depending on the suspected cause, a urologist or andrologist may recommend scrotal ultrasound, genetic testing, or specialized tests to evaluate sperm production and sperm transport.

There is no single test that can identify every cause of male infertility. A specialist usually selects investigations based on your medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, and reproductive goals.

1. Semen Analysis

A semen analysis is usually one of the key initial investigations.

It evaluates parameters such as:

• Sperm concentration.
• Sperm motility.
• Sperm morphology.
• Semen volume.
• Presence or absence of sperm.

If the initial result is abnormal, your doctor may recommend repeat testing because semen parameters can vary between samples.

2. Hormone Tests

Blood tests may be recommended when there is concern about abnormal sperm production or a hormonal problem.

Depending on the clinical situation, testing may include:

• Testosterone.
• FSH.
• LH.
• Prolactin.
• Other hormones when indicated.

3. Physical Examination

A urologist or andrologist may examine the testicles and reproductive system for conditions such as:

• Varicocele.
• Testicular abnormalities.
• Signs of hormonal disorders.
• Other reproductive tract problems.

4. Scrotal Ultrasound

A scrotal ultrasound may be recommended when structural problems are suspected.

It can help evaluate:

• Testicular structure.
• Varicocele.
• Certain abnormalities around the testicles.

5. Genetic Testing

Genetic tests may be recommended for selected men, particularly those with very low sperm counts or azoospermia.

These tests can help identify certain genetic causes of impaired sperm production.

6. Tests for Azoospermia

If no sperm are found in the semen, your specialist will determine whether the condition is likely due to:

Obstructive azoospermia — sperm production may be present, but a blockage prevents sperm from reaching the semen.

Non-obstructive azoospermia — sperm production within the testicles is significantly impaired.

Further investigations are selected based on the suspected cause.

Are all these tests required for every man?

No. Every patient does not need every test. Your specialist will select investigations according to your symptoms, semen analysis, medical history, physical examination, and suspected cause.

This helps avoid unnecessary testing and allows treatment to focus on the underlying problem.

SCI International Hospital

At SCI International Hospital, New Delhi, Dr. Vishal Dutt Gour, Senior Consultant Urologist and Andrologist, provides comprehensive male infertility evaluation using appropriate diagnostic investigations based on each patient's clinical condition. His assessment may include semen analysis, hormonal testing, physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, genetic evaluation, and specialized assessment for azoospermia when clinically indicated.