What is a semen analysis?

A semen analysis is a laboratory test used to evaluate a man's semen and sperm characteristics. It can assess factors such as sperm concentration, motility, morphology, semen volume, and the presence or absence of sperm, making it one of the key initial tests used during a male fertility evaluation.

A semen analysis helps a doctor understand whether there are abnormalities in the sperm or semen that may contribute to difficulty conceiving.

The test is usually performed using a semen sample collected according to the laboratory's instructions.

What does a semen analysis check?

Depending on the laboratory, the report may include:

• Sperm concentration – the number of sperm present in a given volume of semen.
• Sperm motility – how well the sperm move.
• Sperm morphology – the shape and structure of sperm.
• Semen volume – the amount of semen in the sample.
• Sperm presence – whether sperm are present or absent.
• Other semen characteristics that may be relevant to the evaluation.

Why is semen analysis important?

An abnormal semen analysis can provide important clues about possible male fertility problems, including:

• Low sperm count.
• Poor sperm motility.
• Abnormal sperm morphology.
• Azoospermia (absence of sperm).

However, one abnormal semen analysis does not necessarily mean that a man is permanently infertile. Semen parameters can vary between samples, so your doctor may recommend repeat testing when appropriate.

How is the test performed?

The sample is generally collected into a sterile container, following the laboratory's instructions.

The laboratory then examines the sample using standardized testing methods.

Your doctor may provide specific instructions before the test regarding:

• Period of sexual abstinence.
• Sample collection.
• Transport of the sample, if collected outside the laboratory.
• Timing of delivery to the laboratory.

Follow the instructions provided by your testing center because requirements can vary.

What if the semen analysis is abnormal?

Your doctor may recommend further evaluation depending on the results.

This may include:

• Repeat semen analysis.
• Hormone testing.
• Physical examination.
• Scrotal ultrasound.
• Genetic testing in selected cases.
• Additional investigations for azoospermia or suspected obstruction.

The treatment depends on the underlying cause rather than the semen analysis result alone.

SCI International Hospital

At SCI International Hospital, New Delhi, Dr. Vishal Dutt Gour, Senior Consultant Urologist and Andrologist, evaluates abnormal semen parameters as part of a comprehensive male infertility assessment. Based on semen analysis results and other clinical findings, he helps identify possible causes such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, azoospermia, hormonal disorders, and reproductive tract problems, and recommends appropriate treatment when required.