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Gallstones treatment

Treatment of gallstones is done through medicine and also through various surgical procedures. Gallstones are small, hard deposits that form in your gallbladder.The size of gallstones can range from minuscule, comparable to a sand grain, to substantial, resembling a golf ball in dimensions. Numerous individuals possess gallstones without experiencing any symptoms, with these formations often being identified during standard medical examinations. Treatment of gallstones involves following various protocols and performing procedures and diagnostic techniques which are explained in the article below.

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What are the types of Gallstones treatment?

Gallstone treatment primarily consists of two approaches:

Surgical Treatment (Cholecystectomy): This is the predominant method for addressing symptomatic cases. The procedure entails extracting the gallbladder, an organ that, while functional, is not vital for survival, allowing most individuals to maintain good health post-removal. There are two types of cholecystectomy:

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: This minimally invasive surgery utilises minimal incisions and specialised tools for gallbladder extraction. Most people go home the same day. This is the preferred method when possible.

Open Cholecystectomy: This surgery requires a more extensive abdominal incision. It's usually reserved for cases where the gallbladder is severely inflamed, infected, or scarred or if complications arise during laparoscopic surgery.

Non-Surgical Treatments: These are less common and usually reserved for people who can't undergo surgery. These treatments aim to dissolve the gallstones or break them up. They include:

Medications: Pharmacological options exist to dissolve cholesterol-based gallstones, but this process can be lengthy, spanning months to years, with a risk of stone recurrence after treatment cessation.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): This procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube through the mouth and down into the small intestine to remove stones lodged in the bile ducts.

Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Shock wave lithotripsy, a technique employing sound waves to fragment gallstones, is an infrequently used treatment option.

Side Effects and Complications of Gallbladder Surgery (Cholecystectomy)

While gallbladder surgery (cholecystectomy) is generally a safe and common procedure, it's crucial to understand that, like any surgery, it carries potential risks. Being aware of these possibilities allows patients to make informed decisions and discuss any concerns with their surgeon. While the vast majority of gallbladder surgeries are completed without incident, it's important to be prepared for potential side effects and, albeit rarely, more serious complications.

Potential side effects and complications can include:

  • Post-Operative Digestive Issues (Diarrhea): Loose stools are a relatively common side effect following gallbladder removal. This occurs because bile, which aids in digestion, continuously flows into the intestines without the gallbladder to regulate its release. This constant flow can soften stools and lead to diarrhea. Fortunately, this side effect usually resolves on its own as the body adjusts to the new digestive process, typically within a few weeks. Dietary adjustments can often help manage this.
  • Abdominal Discomfort (Gas and Bloating): Experiencing gas and bloating after gallbladder surgery is not uncommon. This discomfort can be attributed to the manipulation of abdominal organs during the procedure and the body's response to the surgical process. Simple remedies like walking and avoiding gas-producing foods can often provide relief.
  • Surgical Site Infection: As with any surgical incision, there's a slight risk of infection at the site of the gallbladder removal. Surgeons take meticulous precautions to maintain a sterile environment during the procedure, and post-operative care instructions help minimize this risk. Signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, increasing pain, or fever, should be reported to your doctor immediately.
  • Bile Duct Injury (Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injury): Injury to the bile duct is a rare but serious complication of gallbladder surgery. The bile ducts transport bile from the liver to the small intestine. Damage to these ducts can lead to bile leaks, infections, and other complications requiring further intervention. Advanced surgical techniques and imaging technologies have significantly reduced the incidence of this complication.
  • Hemorrhagic Complications (Bleeding): Some bleeding is expected during any surgery. While minor bleeding during or after gallbladder removal is usually easily managed, excessive bleeding can be a concern. Surgeons closely monitor blood loss during the operation and take steps to control any bleeding that arises.
  • Bile Leakage (Intra-abdominal Bile Leakage): In rare instances, bile can leak into the abdominal cavity after gallbladder removal. This can lead to peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal lining) and requires prompt medical attention. Symptoms of a bile leak may include abdominal pain, fever, and nausea.
  • Adverse Reaction to Anesthesia: While generally safe, anesthesia can sometimes cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, sore throat, or allergic reactions. The anesthesiologist carefully monitors the patient throughout the procedure to manage any such reactions.
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Prolonged immobility after surgery can increase the risk of blood clots forming in deep veins, typically in the legs. These clots, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), can be serious if they dislodge and travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism). Early mobilization after surgery and, in some cases, preventive medications, can help mitigate this risk.

How to prepare for gallstone surgery?

Preparing for gallbladder surgery typically involves:

  • Fasting: You'll be asked not to eat or drink anything for several hours before surgery.
  • Medications: Your doctor will advise you about which medications to continue or stop taking before surgery.
  • Bowel Preparation: Pre-surgical preparation may involve the administration of a laxative to ensure bowel clearance.
  • Tests: You may need blood tests, imaging tests, or other tests before surgery.

What is the cost of Gallstone Treatment?

The expenses associated with gallstone treatment can fluctuate based on the chosen treatment method, healthcare facility, and various other elements. SCI Hospitals offer assistance in comprehending and navigating the financial aspects of gallstone treatment.

Various health insurance plans and government schemes may also cover some or all of the expenses. Contact SCI Hospital to discuss your options and learn more about how they can assist you with the financial aspects of treatment.

Post Surgery care

Following gallbladder surgery, adherence to post-operative care instructions is vital for ensuring a seamless recovery process. This typically includes:

  • Pain Management: You'll be given pain medication to manage any discomfort.
  • Wound Care: Maintain cleanliness and dryness of the surgical area, adhering to your physician's wound care guidelines.
  • Dietary progression: Begin with clear liquids and gradually incorporate solid foods as your body adjusts.
  • Physical activity: Refrain from engaging in vigorous activities for several weeks post-surgery.
  • Follow-up Appointments: Maintain scheduled follow-up visits with your healthcare provider to monitor your recuperation progress.

Risks and Complications of gallstone Surgery

Although gallbladder surgery is typically a routine procedure, it's imperative to be aware of the potential risks involved. Don't worry, these complications are relatively rare, but it's essential to discuss them with your doctor before going under the knife.

What Can Go Wrong?

  • Digestive Issues: Some people might experience stomach upset, including diarrhoea, gas, and bloating, after surgery. This condition is often transient and can be addressed with appropriate medication.
  • Infection: As with any surgery, there's a risk of infection, which can be serious if not treated promptly. Your healthcare provider will offer strategies to mitigate this risk.
  • Bile Duct Injury: The bile ducts, which connect the liver to the gallbladder, might be damaged during surgery. This can lead to bile leakage or a blockage that requires further treatment.
  • Bleeding: As with any surgical intervention, there's a possibility of bleeding, which can be managed through proper medical treatment.
  • Bile Leakage: In some cases, bile might leak from the bile ducts or the spot where the gallbladder was removed. This can be treated with medication or further surgery.

Why It's Important to Discuss Risks with Your Doctor

It's crucial to discuss these potential risks with your doctor before surgery. Our doctors at SCI hospital can help you understand the likelihood of each complication and explain how they'll be managed if they occur. This discussion will provide reassurance and assist in preparing you for the recovery process.

Dr. Shambhav Chandra

MBBS, MS - General Surgery, General Surgeon,Bariatric Surgeon,Laparoscopic Surgeon

  • General Surgeon,Bariatric Surgeon,Laparoscopic Surgeon
  • 7+ Years Experience

Conclusion

Gallstones are a common problem that can cause severe pain when they block bile flow. The good news is that effective treatments exist, both surgical and non-surgical. If you have gallstone symptoms, seeking medical care is essential. Your doctor can diagnose your condition and suggest the right treatment plan for you. A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also lower your risk of developing gallstones. Reach out to SCI Hospital to discuss your individual circumstances and how we can help you navigate the plan and cost of treatment.

FAQs

Gallbladder removal is a common surgery, but it does require anaesthesia. At SCI Hospital, your comfort and safety are our main concerns. Our surgeons use minimally invasive methods whenever possible. We encourage you to schedule an appointment to discuss your individual needs. You can reach us by phone or through our website for online or offline consultations.

All surgeries have some risks. However, gallbladder removal is generally safe. Serious problems are not common. The experienced surgeons at SCI Hospital use advanced methods and post-surgery care to reduce these risks. Contact SCI Hospital to schedule a consultation and learn more.

Recovery time varies. Most people can return to their normal activities within a few weeks after laparoscopic surgery. Open surgery takes longer to recover from. SCI Hospital will give you detailed instructions to help you recover smoothly. Book an appointment for personalised guidance.

Gallstone size doesn't always determine if surgery is needed. It depends more on whether you have symptoms. Even small gallstones can cause blockages and pain. SCI Hospital can assess your situation and suggest the best approach. Contact us today for a consultation.

Gallstones themselves cannot come back after gallbladder removal. Sometimes, stones may rarely form in the bile ducts. SCI Hospital offers follow-up care to check for and address any new stones. Schedule a consultation at SCI Hospital to discuss this.

If not treated, gallstones can cause problems in your gallbladder, pancreas, or liver. Prompt treatment at SCI Hospital can prevent this. Call us or visit our website to schedule a consultation today.

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Written By: Dr. Daipayan Ghosh
Education: MBBS, DNB - General Surgery
Experience: 20 Years

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I visited Dr. Shambhav Chandra for a health issue, and I’m so glad I did. He is very professional, kind, and understanding. He explained everything clearly and made me feel comfortable throughout the treatment. What I appreciated most was how he listened to my concerns and ensured I felt at ease. Thanks to his care, I’m feeling much better now. I highly recommend Dr. Shambhav Chandra to anyone looking for a great proctologist.