What are the causes of the deviated nasal septum?
Several factors can contribute to the development of a deviated nasal septum. These factors range from congenital abnormalities present at birth to acquired deviations resulting from injuries or the natural aging process.
Developmental Deviations (Congenital Abnormality): Sometimes, a deviated septum is present from birth. This occurs due to variations in fetal development, where the nasal septum doesn't form symmetrically. The precise reasons for this aren't always clear, but it's considered a natural variation that can occur during gestation. This type of deviation may not be immediately noticeable and may only become apparent later in life. The degree of deviation can vary widely, from minor asymmetry to a significant displacement of the septum.
Trauma-Induced Deviations (Nasal Injury): Physical trauma to the nose is a common cause of a deviated septum. Direct blows to the face, such as those experienced during contact sports, car accidents, or falls, can fracture and displace the delicate cartilage and bone that comprise the nasal septum. The severity of the deviation often correlates with the force of the impact. Immediate medical attention is crucial after such injuries to assess the extent of the damage and prevent further complications.
Iatrogenic Deviations (Complications from Previous Surgery): While rare, a deviated septum can sometimes be an unintended consequence of previous nasal surgery. Even procedures not directly involving the septum can inadvertently alter its structure, potentially leading to a deviation. This highlights the importance of discussing potential risks with a surgeon before any nasal procedure.
Age-Related Changes (Ageing and Cartilage Changes): The nasal septum, like other parts of our bodies, undergoes changes with age. Over time, the cartilage that makes up the septum can weaken and lose its elasticity. This can cause the septum to gradually shift or warp, resulting in a deviation. This type of deviation is usually more gradual than trauma-induced deviations.
What are the symptoms of a deviated nasal septum?
A deviated septum can manifest in a range of noticeable symptoms, impacting breathing, sinus health, and overall comfort. These symptoms can vary in severity depending on the extent of the deviation and individual sensitivity.
- Impaired Respiration (Breathing Difficulty, Especially on One Side): One of the most common symptoms is difficulty breathing, often more pronounced on one side of the nose. The deviated septum obstructs airflow through the nasal passages, making it harder to inhale and exhale freely. This can be especially noticeable during physical activity or when lying down.
- Nasal Obstruction (Nasal Congestion): A persistent feeling of stuffiness or blockage in the nose, even in the absence of a cold or allergies, is another common indicator. This congestion arises from the physical obstruction caused by the deviated septum. It can be frustrating and interfere with daily activities.
- Increased Susceptibility to Sinus Infections (Recurring Sinus Infections): The deviated septum can impede proper sinus drainage, creating a breeding ground for bacteria and leading to recurrent sinus infections. This can result in facial pain, pressure, and thick nasal discharge.
- Epistaxis (Nosebleeds): The altered airflow and dryness caused by a deviated septum can irritate the delicate nasal lining, increasing the risk of nosebleeds. These nosebleeds often originate from the side of the nose most affected by the deviation.
- Facial Discomfort (Facial Pain and Headaches): In some cases, the pressure and inflammation resulting from a deviated septum can trigger facial pain or headaches. This discomfort can range from mild to severe and may be localized or radiate to other areas of the face.
- Sleep Disruptions (Snoring and Sleep Apnea): A deviated septum can disrupt airflow during sleep, contributing to snoring and sometimes even sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a serious condition characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, which can have significant health consequences.
- Postnasal Drip: The obstructed airflow can cause mucus to build up and drip down the back of the throat, leading to postnasal drip. This can result in a persistent cough, sore throat, and the sensation of needing to clear your throat frequently.
- Reduced Sense of Smell and Taste: In some instances, a severely deviated septum can interfere with the ability to smell and taste properly. This can diminish enjoyment of food and potentially impact appetite.
- Whistling Sound During Breathing: Occasionally, a deviated septum can cause a whistling sound during breathing, particularly when inhaling or exhaling forcefully. This sound is caused by the restricted airflow through the narrowed nasal passages.
How to diagnose a deviated nasal septum?
Diagnosing a deviated septum involves understanding your symptoms and examining your nose. Here's what a doctor might do:
- Medical History Review: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, like when they started, how severe they are, and if you've had any previous nose injuries.
- Physical Exam: The doctor will look inside your nose using a special instrument (a nasal speculum) and a bright light, sometimes an endoscope for a better view.
- Imaging Tests:
- Nasal Speculum Examination: This allows the doctor to get a clear view inside your nostrils to see the septum.
- Illuminated Examination: Using a bright light or an endoscope (a thin tube with a camera), the doctor can examine the deeper structures of your nose.
- CT Scan (for Complex Cases): If the deviation is complex or if other conditions are suspected, a CT scan can provide more detailed images of your nasal passages.
Who is at risk of a deviated nasal septum?
Who is at risk of a deviated nasal septum?
- Previous Nasal Trauma: If you've ever injured your nose, especially a break, you're at higher risk.
- Contact Sports Participation: People involved in contact sports are more prone to nose injuries, which can lead to a deviated septum.
- Congenital Factors: Some people are simply born with a deviated septum due to developmental factors in the womb.
- Ageing: As we age, the cartilage in our noses can weaken and change, potentially leading to a deviated septum.
How to prevent deviated nasal septum?
You can't prevent a deviated septum that you're born with, but you can reduce the risk of getting one from an injury:
- Wear Protective Gear: During contact sports, always wear appropriate protective gear, including a face mask or helmet.
- Practice Safety Measures: Be mindful of potential hazards that could lead to facial injuries, and take precautions to prevent accidents.
- Prompt Treatment for Injuries: If you injure your nose, seek immediate medical attention. Prompt treatment can help prevent a deviated septum from developing.
What are the complications of the deviated nasal septum?
A deviated septum can cause several complications if left untreated:
- Chronic Sinusitis: The blocked airflow can make you prone to recurring sinus infections.
- Sleep Apnea: Disrupted breathing during sleep can lead to sleep apnea, affecting sleep quality and overall health.
- Headaches and Facial Pain: Pressure and inflammation can cause persistent headaches or pain in your face.
- Breathing Difficulties: A severely deviated septum can significantly obstruct airflow, making it hard to breathe comfortably.
- Reduced Quality of Life: Breathing problems and other symptoms can negatively impact your daily life and overall well-being.
What is the treatment of deviated nasal septum?
There are a few ways to treat a deviated septum:
- Non-Surgical Options (Managing Symptoms):
- Nasal Steroid Sprays: These reduce inflammation and swelling in your nasal passages, making it easier to breathe.
- Decongestants: These help shrink swollen nasal tissues, providing temporary relief from congestion.
- Antihistamines: These are beneficial if allergies contribute to your nasal congestion.
- Surgical Correction (Septoplasty): This procedure straightens the septum by repositioning or removing deviated parts. It’s usually done as an outpatient procedure, and recovery typically takes one to two weeks. Septoplasty is a very effective way to improve nasal airflow and alleviate related symptoms.
Dr. Manish Gupta
"MBBS, MS - ENT ENT/ Otorhinolaryngologist", Ear, Nose & Throat, Septoplasty, Deviated septum
What is the cost of deviated nasal septum treatment?
The cost of treatment for a deviated septum can vary based on factors like the type of treatment, where you live, and your insurance coverage. SCI Hospital can work with you to understand the costs involved and explore options for managing those expenses. Many insurance plans cover septoplasty when it's medically necessary. There are also government programs and financial assistance options available that can help you access the care you need. Reach out to SCI Hospital for more information on these options.
FAQs
A deviated septum, a crooked wall inside your nose, can sometimes cause breathing problems. If it's bothering you, there are ways to fix it. SCI Hospital offers both non-surgical and surgical options. Non-surgical treatments like nasal sprays and decongestants can help manage symptoms. But they don't fix the underlying problem. For a permanent solution, septoplasty is the way to go. It's a surgery that straightens the septum, improving airflow. SCI Hospital surgeons are experts in septoplasty. They use minimally invasive techniques for faster recovery.
Many people have a slightly deviated septum without even realising it. If it doesn't bother you, it's usually okay to leave it alone. But if it affects your breathing or causes other problems like nosebleeds or sinus infections, it's worth getting it checked out. At SCI Hospital, we can evaluate your septum and determine if treatment is necessary.
If your deviated septum is causing significant problems, fixing it can make a huge difference. Improved breathing, fewer sinus infections, and better sleep are just some of the benefits. SCI Hospital provides top-notch care for deviated septums. We'll guide you through the process and answer all your questions. Is it worth it? If you're tired of breathing difficulties and related issues, it definitely can be.
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Dr. Aashima is a versatile ENT surgeon with 8 years of experience under her belt, she is making strides in the field of Ear, Nose and Throat.
